ثقافتی مادیت اور انتظار حسین کا افسانہ ”استاد“: ایک تنقیدی جائزہ

Cultural Materialism and Intizar Hussain's Short story "Ustad": A Critical Review

Abstract

Wherever the word culture comes with anything, we should understand one thing immediately. The relevant thing now includes personal status, social values, habits, actions, ideas, beliefs, experiences, rituals, and religions. They will also try to establish their image in which society is breathing. That is why the recovery of culture in any great literature is a must because literature reflects society. Materialism; by removing oneself from spiritual and intuitive conditions, relying on mythological powers, the help of gods, and spiritual attitudes to understand the universe.Which can also be called the expression of external and internal forces in general terms. From here, some issues and ideas are clearly explained. Culture refers to knowing and understanding social values, and materialism refers to the denial of supernatural elements and powers and dependence on personal consciousness and will. Cultural materialism refers to the social values of belief, religion, and ritual, denying any supernatural power and self-reliance for self and society. The historical context theory studies the historical characters in fiction. While analyzing them, such aspects are brought out that the powerful character is seen suppressing and exploiting the weak character at the social level. In this way, we will immediately understand that any character who goes against any character with supernatural powers will try to wipe out his opponent. Thus, a cultural-materialistic conflict will begin among the historical characters. In the related short story "Ustad," the characters have also been evaluated in the same context. Every powerful character oppresses the weak. Therefore, this short story describes the theory correctly.